Figure 3. Mass spectra of the CATR and its derivatives separated from the cocklebur fruits, silage, and gastric contents based on the QTOF (quadrupole time-of-flight) high-resolution mass spectrometry.

(A) Mass spectrum of the CATR separated from the cocklebur fruits. (B) Mass spectrum of the CATR-SO₃ separated from the cocklebur fruits. (C) Mass spectrum of the CATR separated from the silage mixed with the cocklebur. (D) Mass spectrum of the CATR-SO₃ separated from the silage mixed with the cocklebur. (E) Mass spectrum of the CATR separated from the gastric contents. (F) Mass spectrum of the CATR-SO₃ separated from the gastric contents. CATR, carboxyatractyloside; CATR-SO₃, mono-desulfated carboxyatractyloside