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(A) XRD patterns, (B) FT-IR spectra, (C) UV–vis spectra (inset: photographic images of the prepared AuNP solutions. Photography courtesy of Xuan-Wei Fang. Copyright 2024), and (D) TEM images of AuNPs prepared by using (a) CQDs-1 (50 mg GNP + 50 mg glucose), (b) CQDs-2 (50 mg GNP + 50 mg extracted gardenia seed), and (c) CQDs-3 (50 mg GNP + 50 mg gardenia seed) as a reducing and protecting reagent.
