Table 1.
Characteristics of the Population at Baseline and Intraoperative Variables
| Variable | Total (n = 53) | AKI (n = 8) | No AKI (n = 45) | OR [CI 95%] | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | |||||
| Age (y) | 68.9 [63.8–71.1] | 69.3 [61.1–71.1] | 68.8 [64.4–71.1] | 1 [0.9–1.1] | .763 |
| Male gender | 45 (84.9%) | 7 (15.6%) | 38 (84.4%) | 0.9 [0.1–6.8] | .921 |
| Height (cm) | 170 [167–176] | 171.5 [167–180] | 170 [167–176] | 1.01 [0.9–1.1] | .812 |
| Weight (kg) | 74.6 ± 10.2 | 76 ± 12.3 | 74.4 ± 10 | 1.01 [0.9–1.1] | .714 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 2.3 | 25.5 ± 2.2 | 25.3 ± 2.4 | 1.04 [0.8–1.4] | .791 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Variable | Tot (n = 53) | AKI (n = 8) | NO AKI (n = 45) | OR [CI 95%] | P-value |
| Vasculopathy | 9 (16.7%) | 2 (22.2%) | 7 (77.8%) | 1.8 [0.3–10] | .485 |
| CAD | 4 (7.5%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (100%) | 0.6 [0.02–16.6] | .751 |
| CHF | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | 1.9 [0.02–182] | .774 |
| AH | 30 (56.6%) | 5 (16.7%) | 25 (83.3%) | 1.2 [0.3–5.4] | .785 |
| DM | 3 (5.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 2.6 [0.3–25.3] | .411 |
| CHF | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | 1.9 [0.02–182] | .774 |
| Preoperative variables | |||||
| Steroids | 4 (7.5%) | 1 (25%) | 3 (75%) | 2.6 [0.3–25.3] | .411 |
| Immunosuppression | 3 (5.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 3.7 [0.3–43.7] | .296 |
| NSAIDs | 10 (18.9%) | 2 (20%) | 8 (80%) | 1.8 [0.3–10] | .485 |
| ACEI | 15 (28.3%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (100%) | 0.1 [0.01–2.3] | .159 |
| Sartans | 8 (15.1%) | 2 (25%) | 6 (75%) | 2.1 [0.4–11.9] | .391 |
| β-blocker | 10 (18.9%) | 1 (10%) | 9 (90%) | 0.8 [0.1–6] | .854 |
| sCr (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 11,569.4 [12.1–11,030,228] | .007* |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 82.2 [70.1–88.2] | 66.9 [60.5–73.7] | 83.9 [71.7–90] | 0.9 [0.8–1] | .006* |
| Proteinuria + ++ +++ |
26 (49%) 26 (49%) 1 (2%) |
3 (11.5%) 4 (15.4%) 1 (100%) |
23 (88.5%) 22 (84.6%) 0 (0%) |
1.4 [0.3–6.5] 21.5 [0.2–2257.3] |
.670 .196 |
| Intraoperative variables | |||||
| Duration of surgery (min) | 215 [165–279.5] | 268 [227.5–305] | 197.5 [160–264] | 1 [1–1.01] | .3495 |
| Pneumoperitoneum duration (min) | 178.5 [132.5–240] | 239 [192.5–265] | 168.5 [127.5–228.5] | 1 [1–1.01] | .3005 |
| Pneumoperitoneum pressure (mm Hg) | 12.0 [12.0–12.0] | 12.0 [12.0–12.0] | 12.0 [12.0–12.0] | 1.03 [0.51–2.08] | .9376 |
| Fluid therapy (mL) | 1375 [1000–1500] | 1250 [875–1500] | 1375 [1000–1500] | 1 [1–1] | .7291 |
| Blood loss (mL) | 50 [50–100] | 75 [50–150] | 50 [50–100] | 1 [0.99–1.01] | .5347 |
| Diuresis (mL/kg/h) | 0.66 [0.28–1.29] | 0.40 [0.23–0.57] | 0.82 [0.28–1.41] | 0.23 [0.04–1.18] | .0776 |
Values were reported as median [25th–75th percentile], mean ± standard deviation or percentage (*P < .05).
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AH, arterial hypertension; AKI, acute kidney injury; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, chronic heart failure; CHeF, chronic hepatic failure (child-Pugh>2); CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Immunosupp., immunosuppressor; OR, odds ratio; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; sCr, serum creatinine.