Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants.
| Variable | 3 h (n = 16) | immediate (n = 15) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometry, body composition, and training experience | |||
| Age (year) | 24.8 ± 5.8 | 24.6 ± 3.6 | 0.877 |
| Body mass (kg) | 77.8 ± 11.2 | 78.4 ± 11.9 | 0.893 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 24.5 ± 3.6 | 24.3 ± 3.2 | 0.858 |
| FM (%) | 15.8 ± 9.1 | 13.3 ± 7.9 | 0.435 |
| SMM (kg) | 35.43 ± 3.72 | 36.68 ± 4.11 | 0.385 |
| Training experience (year) | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 3.4 ± 2.9 | 0.421 |
| Biochemical markers | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.11 ± 0.15 | 1.18 ± 0.17 | 0.217 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 24.6 ± 10.5 | 26.7 ± 8.2 | 0.540 |
| AST (U/L) | 29.8 ± 14.7 | 26 ± 11 | 0.423 |
| ALT (U/L) | 26.9 ± 10.2 | 30.7 ± 12.5 | 0.950 |
| GGT (U/L) | 21.6 ± 8.5 | 16.4 ± 5.7 | 0.054 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 43 ± 7 | 44.4 ± 8.1 | 0.611 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 82 ± 23 | 87.4 ± 23.8 | 0.527 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 149.1 ± 27.2 | 155.8 ± 27.1 | 0.504 |
| Muscular performance | |||
| Leg press strength (kg) | 378.8 ± 119.8 | 376.7 ± 111.9 | 0.959 |
| Leg press endurance (r) | 15 ± 4.3 | 11.2 ± 3.3 | 0.012 |
| Chest press strength (kg) | 114 ± 23 | 119.4 ± 31 | 0.585 |
| Chest press endurance (r) | 10.5 ± 2.1 | 9.9 ± 1.2 | 0.386 |
| Vertical jump (cm) | 48 ± 8.4 | 49.2 ± 5.6 | 0.613 |
| Australian pull-up (r) | 19.5 ± 6.8 | 23.8 ± 8.5 | 0.137 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. BMI, body mass index; FM, fat mass; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; y, year; cm, centimeter; kg, kilogram; kg m−2, kilogram-meter-2; g, gram; %, percentage; r, repetition; u/L, unit/liter; mg/dL, milligrams/deciliter.