Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics of Children in Low-Income Households (< 138% FPL)

	All States			Non-Expansion States	Expansion States
	N a	Mean	SD	Mean	Mean
Academic Outcomes
Reading scores	26,300	94.782	31.251	93.755	95.765
Math scores	26,280	75.618	32.209	74.224	76.953
Socioemotional Outcomes
Externalizing problems	23,680	1.711	0.648	1.709	1.713
Internalizing problems	23,440	1.593	0.548	1.577	1.609
Social skills	23,110	3.018	0.665	3.030	3.005
Family Functioning
# of minutes reading outside school	16,320	23.274	16.680	23.093	23.449
# times/week parent helps with homework	13,180	2.929	1.599	2.940	2.919
# of days/week parent eats dinner with child	16,510	5.765	1.818	5.744	5.787
Family and Child Characteristics
Male	26,900	0.514	0.499	0.522	0.506
Black	26,900	0.159	0.366	0.226	0.096
Hispanic	26,900	0.466	0.498	0.430	0.500
White	26,900	0.252	0.434	0.265	0.239
Child age (in months)	26,900	96.723	22.506	96.514	96.922
Parent age (in years)	26,900	32.067	7.752	31.696	32.474
Parent has high school diploma or more	26,900	0.328	0.469	0.331	0.323
Time-varying State Characteristics
Unemployment rate	26,900	7.331	2.163	6.849	7.789
EITC rate	26,900	0.073	0.154	0.020	0.123
TANF/SNAP max. benefits for family of 3 ($)	26,900	942.504	183.460	809.002	1069.16
Minimum wage	26,900	7.615	0.792	7.208	8.002

Notes: Means and SDs are unweighted. The difference between expansion and non-expansion states is statistically significant at p < .05 for all variables except externalizing problems, reading time outside school, and eating dinner together.

^aSample sizes (in child-years) are rounded to the nearest 10 as per dataset guidelines.