Table 2.
Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansion on Child Development and Family Functioning Among Children from Low-Income Households (< 138% FPL)
| A. Academic Outcomes | Reading Scores | Math Scores | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |||
| Expansion | 1.167* | 1.151~ | 0.527 | 0.111 | ||
| (0.523) | (0.582) | (1.093) | (1.090) | |||
| Mean of DV | 50.84 | 50.84 | 31.38 | 31.38 | ||
| Time Varying State Covariates | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||
| Observations (Child-year) | 17,070 | 17,070 | 17,060 | 17,060 | ||
| Observations (Child) | 2,520 | 2,520 | 2,520 | 2,520 | ||
| R-squared | 0.929 | 0.929 | 0.937 | 0.937 | ||
| B. Socioemotional Outcomes | Externalizing Problems | Internalizing Problems | Social Skills | |||
|
| ||||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|
| ||||||
| Expansion | 0.018 | 0.007 | 0.028 | 0.023 | 0.033 | 0.028 |
| (0.025) | (0.028) | (0.020) | (0.024) | (0.033) | (0.035) | |
| Mean of DV | 1.65 | 1.65 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 2.90 | 2.90 |
| Time Varying State Covariates | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Observations (Child-year) | 15,440 | 15,440 | 15,290 | 15,290 | 15,080 | 15,080 |
| Observations (Child) | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 |
| R-squared | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.011 |
| C. Family Functioning | Reading Outside School | Parental Help with Homework | Dinner Together (4 days or more in a week) | |||
|
| ||||||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|
| ||||||
| Expansion | 2.436** | 2.405** | −0.217* | −0.267* | 0.047*** | 0.048** |
| (0.708) | (0.826) | (0.087) | (0.108) | (0.011) | (0.014) | |
| Mean of DV | 17.92 | 17.92 | 3.347 | 3.347 | 0.887 | 0.887 |
| Time Varying State Covariates | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Observations (Child-year) | 11,580 | 11,580 | 9,300 | 9,300 | 11,390 | 11,390 |
| Observations (Child) | 2,520 | 2,520 | 2,520 | 2,520 | 2,530 | 2,530 |
| R-squared | 0.065 | 0.066 | 0.151 | 0.152 | 0.007 | 0.007 |
Notes: Each column of each panel corresponds to a different OLS regression model. Each model includes wave and child fixed effects and sampling weights. Expansion represents β1 from equation (1), and measures the average effect of the Medicaid expansions after it took place. Mean of each dependent variable (DV) provides the within-child average of the DV after controlling for just wave fixed effects. Heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors, in parentheses, are clustered at the state level. Sample sizes are rounded to the nearest 10 as per dataset guidelines.
~
p < 0.10
*
p < 0.05
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.001.