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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 6.
Published in final edited form as: Educ Res. 2019 Dec 24;49(2):134–137. doi: 10.3102/0013189x19897622

Table A12.

Models Excluding Students’ First-year GPA

Four-Year Colleges
Two-Year Colleges
Academic Outcomes
Other Outcomes
Academic Outcomes
Other Outcomes
Persistence Year 2 Persistence Year 3 Use of Campus Services Year 3 Self-reported Mental Health Year 3 Persistence Year 2 Persistence Year 3 Use of Campus Services Year 3 Self-reported Mental Health Year 3
Sense of Belonging 0.028***
(0.006)
0.031***
(0.006)
0.014**
(0.004)
0.053***
(0.012)
0.024*
(0.010)
0.015
(0.011)
0.003
(0.009)
0.033±
(0.023)

Number of Observations a 10,800 10,800 6,900 10,800 5,490 5,490 2,010 5,490

Note. Standard errors in parentheses. All estimates are unstandardized but weighted to adjust for the BPS: 12/14 complex survey design: Analysis weight (WTA000) and robust standard errors used to adjust for poststratification. To economize on space, we report on coefficients and standard errors on key variable only. All specifications include other student and institutional characteristics, as noted in main text and Appendix.

a

Sample size rounded to the nearest 10 as per dataset guidelines.

±

p < .10.

*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.

***

p < .001.