Table A6.
Coefficients and Standard Errors from Multivariate Regressions Exploring Alternate Specification of Belonging
| Four-Year Colleges |
Two-Year Colleges |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academic Outcomes |
Other Outcomes |
Academic Outcomes |
Other Outcomes |
|||||
| Persistence Year 2 | Persistence Year 3 | Use of Campus Services Year 3 | Self-reported Mental Health Year 3 | Persistence Year 2 | Persistence Year 3 | Use of Campus Services Year 3 | Self-reported Mental Health Year 3 | |
| Low Sense of Belonging (“Strongly disagreed” with statement “I feel like I am a part of [school]”=1) | −0.140*** (0.036) |
−0.132** (0.041) |
−0.040 (0.026) |
−0.126 (0.076) |
−0.056 (0.064) |
−0.005 (0.058) |
0.029 (0.040) |
−0.138 (0.126) |
| Public/Private (Public=1) | 0.053*** (0.014) |
0.045*** (0.011) |
−0.046*** (0.011) |
0.044 (0.029) |
0.028 (0.055) |
0.008 (0.054) |
0.026 (0.062) |
0.059 (0.117) |
| URM (Black, Hispanic, Native) | 0.017 (0.013) |
0.025 (0.017) |
0.043** (0.013) |
0.072 (0.043) |
−0.000 (0.028) |
0.010 (0.027) |
0.068** (0.023) |
0.037 (0.048) |
| Asian | 0.032 (0.023) |
0.053* (0.024) |
0.052* (0.025) |
−0.128* (0.058) |
0.069 (0.062) |
0.031 (0.061) |
−0.046 (0.041) |
0.137 (0.107) |
| Two or more races | −0.005 (0.025) |
−0.005 (0.029) |
0.024 (0.019) |
−0.093 (0.058) |
0.085 (0.051) |
0.012 (0.062) |
0.049 (0.059) |
0.061 (0.115) |
| First-generation | −0.043** (0.015) |
−0.047** (0.018) |
−0.019 (0.012) |
0.011 (0.026) |
−0.013 (0.029) |
−0.052 (0.030) |
−0.026 (0.026) |
0.048 (0.048) |
| Sex (Female=1) | 0.041*** (0.009) |
0.041*** (0.011) |
0.003 (0.010) |
−0.133*** (0.031) |
0.045 (0.027) |
0.042 (0.024) |
0.023 (0.019) |
−0.182** (0.057) |
| High School GPA | 0.042** (0.013) |
0.046*** (0.012) |
−0.001 (0.012) |
0.044 (0.038) |
−0.003 (0.020) |
0.010 (0.021) |
0.048* (0.020) |
0.072* (0.032) |
| R-Squared | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.16 |
|
| ||||||||
| Number of Observations a | 10,500 | 10,500 | 6,800 | 10,500 | 5,130 | 5,130 | 1,920 | 5,130 |
Note. Standard errors in parentheses. All estimates are unstandardized but weighted to adjust for the BPS: 12/14 complex survey design: Analysis weight (WTA000) and bootstrap variance estimation using replicate weights (WTA001-WTA200) to adjust for poststratification weight adjustment. To economize on space, we report on coefficients and standard errors on key variables only. All specifications include students’ ACT/SAT scores, socioeconomic status, first-year GPA, and a measure total debt burden, as noted in main text and Appendix. Students who reported a high Sense of Belonging (“Strongly agreed” with statement “I feel like I am a part of [school]” = 1) formed the reference category for our main independent variable of interest. We also control for self-reported first-year use of campus services and first-year self-reported mental health in the models predicting third-year use of campus services and third-year self-reported mental health outcomes.
Sample size rounded to the nearest 10 as per dataset guidelines.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001.