Figure 1.

Illustration of sample task and measures in a gaze-based assessment of lexical processing. (a) Illustration of a version of a gaze-based task where images appear in a silent preview, followed by the appearance of a gaze-contingent central stimulus (e.g., “Look!” paired with an image of a cartoon face), which disappears after participant fixation. This is followed by the onset of the spoken word, which (typically) names one of the objects on the screen. (b) Illustration of the time course of fixations toward the target and distractor images, starting from the onset of the target naming. In this gaze-contingent version of the paradigm, fixations start at 0, indicating that participants were initially fixating centrally (i.e., not at the target or distractor). (c) Boxplots indicating the mean and variance in target and distractor fixations 300–2,000 ms post–label onset, with accuracy representing mean looks to the target divided by mean fixations to the target and distractor.