Fig. 4.

(A) Ice crystal images formed from PEG aqueous solution (10.0 wt.% in DMEM). The images of ice crystals formed from DMEM without PEG were also shown as a control. (B) Mean largest grain size (MLGS) of PEG aqueous solutions (10 wt.% in DMEM). The MLGS of ices formed from DMEM without PEG was assigned to be 100%. (C) INI measurements of PEG aqueous solutions (10 wt.%). Twenty droplets were used for determination of INI activity. (D) Ice nucleation temperature at which 50% of the droplets were frozen.