Table 3.

Population pharmacokinetic parameters of adefovir and bootstrap results

Parameter (unit)	Point estimate	RSE %	Bootstrap median (95% CI)
Fixed effects
ALAG (h)	0.122	17.2	0.123 (0.0819–0.162)
V (L)	235	14.1	233 (196–321)
CLNR (L/h)	11.8	25.7	11.6 (8.52–20.2)
Km (nmol/L)	170	26.3	170 (122–295)
Vmax (µmol/h)	2.40	23.5	2.42 (1.80–3.88)
Impact of co-treatment
FR	0.590 fixed	–	–
FT	0.736	13.5	0.731 (0.629–0.999)
KaR (h−1)	5.18	20.5	5.14 (3.54–7.74)
KaT (h−1)	2.29	17.6	2.30 (1.66–3.30)
Inter-individual variability (CV%)
V	17.1	22.1	16.3 (10.5–21.8)
Vmax	19.1	42.2	18.4 (6.32–29.6)
Inter-occasion variability (CV%)
F	28.5	33.8	28.0 (11.6–48.1)
Ka	104	14.9	101 (69.1–150)
ALAG	76.9	32.9	75.4 (43.0–129)
V	8.30	32.3	8.29 (4.90–11.2)
Residual unexplained variability (CV%)
Proportional error, plasma	9.50	7.57	9.45 (8.23–10.9)
Proportional error, urine	28.1	18.7	27.7 (17.9–39.5)

RSE% relative standard error in percent, CI confidence interval, ALAG lag time for first-order absorption, V volume of distribution, CL_NR linear nonrenal clearance, K_m Michaelis-Menten constant for nonlinear renal elimination, V_max maximum rate of nonlinear renal elimination, F bioavailability, the bioavailability of the reference and test periods are represented by F_R and F_T respectively, K_a first-order absorption rate constant, the first-order absorption rate constant of the reference and test periods are represented by K_aR and K_aT, CV% coefficient of variation in percent, CV% for inter-individual and inter-occasion variability computed as $\sqrt{exp\left({\omega }^2\right)-1}$, CV% for residual unexplained variability computed as $\sqrt{exp\left({\sigma }^2\right)-1}$