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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2023 Dec 7;63(7):733–744. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.547

Table 2.

Crime and Neonatal fMRI Predict Externalizing Symptoms at 1 and 2 years

	ITSEA Externalizing T-score
Predictors	Statistic std. Beta		p

Intercept	1.45	0.00	0.149
Time	2.28	0.06	0.023
GA at Birth	−0.36	−0.02	0.719
PMA at Scan	1.46	0.09	0.146
Amygdala-Thalamus	−2.53	−0.14	0.012
Income-to-Needs	−1.22	−0.07	0.222
Violent Crime	2.64	0.17	0.009
Racial Discrimination	2.63	0.15	0.009
Violent Crime-by-Time	−1.42	−0.05	0.156
Random Effects
σ²	50.10
τ₀₀ participant	51.82
ICC	0.51
n participants	265

Observations	434
Marginal R² / Conditional R²	0.106 / 0.560

Note: ICC = Intraclass correlation coefficient; ITSEA = Infant and Toddler Socioemotional Assessment.