Fig. 2. Washable and reusable Oxime-fabric deactivates MPT to prevent MPT-mediated AChE inhibition, ex vivo.

a–c Schematic of bromophenol blue (BPB) assay to quantify the amount of silyl-pralidoxime attached to the fabric (a); b photographs of Oxime-fabric and normal fabric before and after treating BPB dye, and c quantification of silyl-pralidoxime present on fabric, suggested that silyl-pralidoxime (125 μg/cm²) was present on Oxime-fabric, while it was not detectable on normal fabric (P < 0.0001; unpaired two-tailed t test). d Schematic of Franz diffusion cell. e The efficacy of Oxime-fabric to prevent methyl parathion (MPT)-induced AChE inhibition, an ex vivo assay was performed using rat blood. Active AChE was measured in unexposed native blood and 3 hr post addition of MPT. The normal fabric could not prevent MPT diffusion into the acceptor chamber, which resulted in significant inhibition of AChE activity (P < 0.0001; ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis). On the contrary, Oxime-fabric could hydrolyze MPT before it diffuses, preventing the MPT-induced inhibition of AChE (P = 0.6161; ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis). f–h Oxime-fabric was subjected to delicate washing cycles in a washing machine using a mild non-ionic detergent (0.1%). Photographs of Oxime-fabric after 10, 25, and 50 cycles of washing and stained with BPB dye (f), and quantification of silyl-pralidoxime after 10, 25, and 50 cycles of washing (g). h Franz diffusion assay to investigate the efficacy of multiple cycles of washed Oxime-fabric to hydrolyze MPT to prevent MPT-induced inhibition of AChE activity. Direct exposure to MPT significantly inhibited AChE activity (P < 0.0001; ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis). On the contrary, multiple washing cycles did not cause the leaching of active compound from the fabric and retained its activity. Data are mean ± s.d. (n = 4, from independent experiments). c P values were determined by two-tailed Student’s t test with Welch’s correction, and for e, h, by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis, and for g, by repeated measures one-way ANOVA by GraphPad PRISM 9, and exact P values are indicated. ns not significant. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.