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. 2024 Jun 6;15:4847. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49224-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — 10-week-old WT or ATGL^−/− mice fed a chow diet were injected with Ad-null or Ad-FLAG-PNPLA3. Tissues were collected following a 12-h fast (n = 8/group). a Immunoblotting analysis of ATGL and FLAG-PNPLA3 expression in the liver. b Total liver TG content. c Total plasma TG content. d–j Shotgun lipidomic analysis of whole liver tissue (n = 3/group). d Heatmap indicating fold-change of individual TG species relative to control (WT mice injected with Ad-null) arranged by increasing number of double bonds. Individual FA composition of TGs presented as absolute FA abundance (e) and as percentage of the total FA pool (f). Abundance of total PLs (g) and major PL classes (h). Absolute FA abundance in PE (i) and PC (j) species. All error bars represent mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 ****p < 0.0001, two-sided t test. Specific p values: b (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.938; (Ad-null) ATGL + /+ vs ATGL −/−: p = 9.01E-07; (Ad-PNPLA3) ATGL + /+ vs ATGL −/−: p = 0.356; (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 1.09E-07. e 16:0, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0149; 16:1, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0228; 18:0, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0176, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0156; 18:1, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0418; 18:2, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 4.33E-04, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.00483; 18:3, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.00876; 20:4, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0117. f 16:0, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0211, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.831; 18:0, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0041, 18:1, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.126, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.581; 18:2, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0186, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0297; 18:3, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0104. g (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.383; (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.000223. h PE, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.188, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.00170; PC, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.713, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.00934. i 16:0, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.158, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.00356; 18:0, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.324, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.00709; 18:2, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.000145; 22:6(ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.577, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0037. j 16:0, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.908, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.00154; 18:2, (ATGL + /+) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.841, (ATGL−/−) Ad-null vs Ad-PNPLA3: p = 0.0105.