Table 3.
Estimated ED10, ED50, and ED90 values corresponding to the dose reducing the growth by 10, 50, and 90 %, respectively.
| Plant species | Exp. | Growth stage | ED10 (SE) | ED50 (SE) | ED90 (SE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alopecurus myosuroides | 1 | One-leaf stage | 452 (8757) | 4×104 (5*105) | 3×106 (8×107) |
| Two-leaf stage | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.26 (0.07) | 0.71 (0.17) | ||
| Three-leaf stage | 0.26 (0.12) | 0.69 (0.14) | 1.83 (0.64) | ||
| Alopecurus myosuroides | 2 | One-leaf stage | 0.002 (0.010) | 0.032 (0.08) | 0.50 (0.28) |
| Two-leaf stage | 0.09 (0.07) | 0.26 (0.07) | 0.71 (0.17) | ||
| Three-leaf stage | 0.64 (0.72) | 0.76 (0.20) | 0.90 (0.55) | ||
| Beta vulgaris | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 0.13 (0.08) | 0.40 (0.09) | 1.19 (0.46) |
| Two-leaf stage | 0.05 (0.07) | 1.24 (0.58) | 28.9 (24.2) | ||
| Four-leaf stage | 0.05 (0.17) | 14.9 (17.5) | 14.9 (17.5) | ||
| Beta vulgaris | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 0.29 (0.43) | 0.38 (0.07) | 0.50 (0.54) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.47 (1.09) | 2.75 (1.90) | 16.0 (18.2) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 12.2 (2.04) | 15.1 (9.91) | 18.6 (27.08) | ||
| Erodium dissectum | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 0.11 (0.11) | 0.35 (0.10) | 1.08 (0.62) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.08 (0.07) | 0.61 (0.22) | 4.62 (2.48) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 1.03 (0.69) | 3.94 (1.36) | 15.1 (9.96) | ||
| Erodium dissectum | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 1.26 (0.68) | 1.52 (0.17) | 1.84 (0.62) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.13 (0.07) | 0.61 (0.12) | 2.85 (1.00) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 1.65 (0.82) | 3.57 (0.70) | 7.73 (2.97) | ||
| Geranium molle | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 0.002 (0.007) | 0.05 (0.09) | 1.24 (0.97) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.13 (0.07) | 0.61 (0.12) | 2.85 (0.10) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 0.05 (0.04) | 1.04 (0.35) | 21.2 (11.3) | ||
| Geranium molle | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.15 (0.11) | 1.77 (0.96) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.05 (0.04) | 0.28 (0.09) | 1.55 (0.62) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 2.09 (1.49) | 5.49 (1.29) | 14.4 (5.82) | ||
| Lamium purpureum | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 452 (8757) | 4.0×104 (4.9×105) | 3.6×106 (7.8×107) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.001 (0.005) | 1.09 (0.80) | 707 (1709) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 69.2 (810) | 4.9×107 (3.1×108) | 3.48*1013 (2.4*1014) | ||
| Lamium purpureum | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 0.15 (0.10) | 0.68 (0.20) | 3.07 (1.37) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.004 (0.009) | 0.82 (0.55) | 176 (323) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 0.11 (0.50) | 273 (444) | 6.7×105 (4.1×106) | ||
| Myosotis arvensis | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.21 (0.15) | 2.28 (1.40) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.08 (0.10) | 0.87 (0.46) | 8.97 (6.62) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 0.06 (0.10) | 1.42 (0.78) | 31.5 (32.4) | ||
| Myosotis arvensis | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 0.05 (0.06) | 0.25 (0.13) | 1.23 (0.62) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.39 (0.15) | 2.85 (1.46) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 0.14 (0.12) | 1.75 (0.57) | 22.5 (12.2) | ||
| Plantago major | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 452 (8757) | 4.0×104 (5.0×105) | 3.5×106 (7.8×107) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.18 (0.19) | 0.89 (0.41) | 4.47 (4.71) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.40 (0.24) | 6.62 (5.93) | ||
| Plantago major | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 452 (8757) | 4.0×104 (5.0×105) | 3.5×106 (7.8×107) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.02 (0.13) | 0.10 (0.33) | 0.47 (0.37) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 1.35 (1.01) | 4.18 (1.89) | 13.0 (11.1) | ||
| Rumex crispus | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 0.12 (0.08) | 0.36 (0.09) | 1.08 (0.43) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.51 (1.19) | 3.25 (2.00) | 20.7 (28.3) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 2.26 (13.0) | 838 (5008) | 3.1×105 (4.9×106) | ||
| Rumex crispus | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 0.12 (0.08) | 0.36 (0.09) | 1.08 (0.43) |
| Two-leaf stages | 2.09 (0.54) | 4.08 (0.47) | 7.98 (1.98) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 1.85 (2.43) | 12.5 (4.64) | 85.24 (131) | ||
| Sonchus oleraceus | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.29 (0.13) | 2.74 (1.28) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.16 (0.12) | 0.99 (0.31) | 6.17 (3.59) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 0.42 (0.50) | 8.47 (2.71) | 171 (196) | ||
| Sonchus oleraceus | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 0.17 (0.11) | 0.34 (0.06) | 0.67 (0.24) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.28 (0.13) | 1.23 (0.28) | 5.44 (2.02) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 6.26 (3.34) | 11.8 (2.35) | 22.1 (11.4) | ||
| Stellaria media | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 0.25 (NaN) | 0.35(NaN) | 0.47 (NaN) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.16 (0.21) | 2.21 (1.38) | 30.1 (37.1) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 0.16 (0.28) | 8.05 (5.20) | 412 (789) | ||
| Stellaria media | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 0.26 (NaN) | 0.35 (NaN) | 0.47 (NaN) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.09 (0.08) | 0.88 (0.32) | 8.83 (4.83) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 0.46 (0.82) | 6.09 (4.56) | 80.9 (151) | ||
| Veronica persica | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 0.15 (0.10) | 0.68 (0.20) | 3.07 (1.36) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.07 (0.73) | 591 (4776) | 5.2 ×106 (1.2×109) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 2×10-4 (NaN) | 23.82 (032) | 0.007 (0.19) | ||
| Veronica persica | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 0.15 (0.10) | 0.68 (0.20) | 3.07 (1.36) |
| Two-leaf stages | 2×10-5 (2.2×10-5) | 0.46 (1.10) | 8052 (30117) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 0.54 (1.82) | 109 (146) | 2.2×105 (9.5×104) | ||
| Viola arvensis | 1 | Cotyledon stage | 0.004 (0.036) | 0.03 (0.17) | 0.24 (0.49) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.04 (0.05) | 0.38 (0.17) | 3.52 (2.04) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 2.59 (1.15) | 6.85 (1.35) | 18.1 (6.34) | ||
| Viola arvensis | 2 | Cotyledon stage | 0.003 (0.036) | 0.03 (0.17) | 0.24 (0.49) |
| Two-leaf stages | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.22 (0.05) | 0.90 (0.18) | ||
| Four-leaf stages | 0.15 (0.19) | 1.64 (0.80) | 17.4 (11.4) |
*NaN, not available; SE, Standard Error.
Standard Errors (SE) in parentheses.