Table 2. Sex-Stratified Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Models for All-Cause, CVD, and Cancer Mortality.
| Model, variable | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality | CVD mortality | Cancer mortality | |
| Females | |||
| Age-adjusted model | |||
| Cannabis use | |||
| Heavy | 1.88 (1.21-2.91) | 2.47 (1.13-5.38) | 1.99 (1.21-3.29) |
| Moderate | 1.20 (0.84-1.73) | 2.32 (0.79-6.05) | 1.10 (0.70-1.72) |
| Low | 1.17 (0.96-1.41) | 1.07 (0.60-1.92) | 1.22 (0.97-1.53) |
| Never | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Fully adjusted modela | |||
| Cannabis use | |||
| Heavy | 1.49 (0.92-2.40) | 2.67 (1.19-4.32) | 1.61 (0.91-2.83) |
| Moderate | 1.07 (0.72-1.60) | 2.24 (0.68-3.32) | 0.92 (0.55-1.56) |
| Low | 1.07 (0.87-1.33) | 0.94 (0.48-1.84) | 1.20 (0.93-1.55) |
| Never | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Males | |||
| Age-adjusted model | |||
| Cannabis use | |||
| Heavy | 1.50 (1.09-2.05) | 1.36 (0.70-2.69) | 1.18 (0.73-1.89) |
| Moderate | 1.11 (0.83-1.48) | 0.77 (0.38-1.58) | 1.29 (0.89-1.86) |
| Low | 0.95 (0.80-1.12) | 0.76 (0.52-1.11) | 1.03 (0.83-1.29) |
| Never | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Fully adjusted modela | |||
| Cannabis use | |||
| Heavy | 1.28 (0.90-1.81) | 0.98 (0.43-2.25) | 1.09 (0.71-1.67) |
| Moderate | 0.97 (0.70-1.36) | 0.80 (0.37-1.72) | 1.01 (0.60-1.71) |
| Low | 0.88 (0.72-1.07) | 0.75 (0.49-1.14) | 0.95 (0.74-1.21) |
| Never | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
Abbreviation: CVD, cardiovascular disease.
a
Adjusted for age, educational level, income, smoking history (pack-years), alcohol status, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, body mass index, previous CVDs, and antidepressant medication.