. 2024 May 27;13(5):868–878. doi: 10.21037/tau-23-541

Table 2. Overview of novel therapies used for t-SCNC.

Case/trial	Prostate cancer type	Genetic testing findings	Prior treatment	Agent used	Results
Yoshida et al. (26)	t-SCNC	MSI	Carbo + eto	Pembrolizumab	CR (follow-up time of 14 months)
			Radiation 70 Gy
			Irinotecan (2 cycles)
Wee et al. (27)	t-SCNC, de novo SCNC	NA	None	Atezolizumab	No benefit (median PFS of 3.4 months, median OS of 8.4 months)
			ADT	Carbo + eto
			Docetaxel
			Cabazitaxel
			Carbo + eto
Pandya et al. (28)	t-SCNC	BRCA2	ADT + abiraterone	Olaparib	No benefit, patient died 18 months after t-SCNC diagnoses
Pandya et al. (28)	t-SCNC	BRCA2	Cis + eto	Pembrolizumab	No benefit, patient died 18 months after t-SCNC diagnoses
Kmak et al. (29)	CRPC	PTEN inactivation	ADT	Everolimus	Stable disease, discontinued after 8 months due to fatigue
			Docetaxel
			Abiraterone
			Cabazitaxel
Assadi et al. (30)	t-SCNC	NA	ADT	4 cycles of ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA, followed by ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE	Alive
Beltran et al. (31)	SCNC patients with elevated neuroendocrine markers	RB1 (55%), TP53 (46%), PTEN (29%), BRCA2 (29%), AR (27%)	Abiraterone or enzalutamide: 40%	Alisertib 50 mg twice daily for 7 days every 21 days	Median OS was 9.5 months (95% CI: 7.3–13)
			Docetaxel: 32%
			Platinum chemotherapy: 58%

t-SCNC, treatment-related small cell neuroendocrine cancer; MSI, microsatellite instability; Carbo + eto, carboplatin + etoposide; CR, complete response; NA, not applicable; ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; BRCA2, breast cancer gene 2; Cis + eto, cisplatin + etoposide; PSMA, prostate-specific membrane antigen; CRPC, castration resistant prostate cancer; RB1, retinoblastoma gene; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; AR, androgen receptors; CI, confidence interval.