Table 1. Baseline (demographic) characteristics of patients analyzed in the study.
| Characteristics | TIFP-LURS (n=229) | Con-LURS (n=121) | t/χ2/Z | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | χ2=0.086 | 0.77 | ||
| Male | 123 (53.7) | 63 (52.1) | ||
| Female | 106 (46.3) | 58 (47.9) | ||
| Age (years) | 49.22±14.94 | 52.41±14.17 | t=1.929 | 0.055 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.86±1.76 | 22.78±1.87 | t=−0.391 | 0.70 |
| Location (side) | χ2=0.009 | 0.92 | ||
| Right | 111 (48.5) | 58 (47.9) | ||
| Left | 118 (51.5) | 63 (52.1) | ||
| ASA score | Ζ=−0.022 | 0.98 | ||
| 1 | 188 (82.1) | 99 (81.8) | ||
| 2 | 35 (15.3) | 20 (16.5) | ||
| 3 | 6 (2.6) | 2 (1.7) | ||
| Previous abdominal surgery | 23 (10.0) | 16 (13.2) | χ2=0.808 | 0.37 |
| Ipsilateral hydronephrosis | 79 (34.5) | 48 (39.7) | χ2=0.916 | 0.34 |
| Diagnosis | χ2=7.833 | 0.25 | ||
| Pyeloureteral stenosis | 51 (22.3) | 30 (24.8) | ||
| Adrenal disease | 62 (27.1) | 29 (24.0) | ||
| Renal cysts | 27 (11.8) | 24 (19.8) | ||
| Renal masses | 56 (24.5) | 22 (18.2) | ||
| UTUC | 14 (6.1) | 8 (6.6) | ||
| Nonfunctioning kidney | 15 (6.6) | 4 (3.3) | ||
| Other urinary disease | 4 (1.7) | 4 (3.3) | ||
| Disease condition | χ2=2.126 | 0.15 | ||
| Malignant | 80 (34.9) | 33 (27.3) | ||
| Benign | 149 (65.1) | 88 (72.7) | ||
| Surgery | χ2=9.045 | 0.17 | ||
| Pyeloureteroplasty | 29 (12.7) | 17 (14.0) | ||
| Adrenalectomy | 62 (27.1) | 29 (24.0) | ||
| Renal cyst decompression | 25 (10.9) | 24 (19.8) | ||
| Partial nephrectomy | 26 (11.4) | 9 (7.4) | ||
| Nephrectomy | 64 (27.9) | 27 (22.3) | ||
| Nephroureterectomy | 18 (7.9) | 9 (7.4) | ||
| Other reconstruction or dissection surgery | 5 (2.2) | 6 (5.0) |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). t, using the Student’s t-test; χ2, using the chi-square test; Z, using the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. TIFP-LURS, trans-interfascial planes procedures for laparoscopic upper retroperitoneal surgery; Con-LURS, conventional laparoscopic upper retroperitoneal surgery; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; UTUC, upper tract urothelial carcinoma.