Table 2. Operative and postoperative data of patients who underwent laparoscopic upper retroperitoneal surgery.
| Characteristics | TIFP-LURS (n=229) | Con-LURS (n=121) | t/χ2/Ft | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of surgery (min) | 262.47±112.97 | 243.37±126.19 | t=−1.444 | 0.15 |
| Estimated blood loss (mL) | 72.24±134.97 | 118.23±229.78 | t=2.025 | 0.044* |
| Transfusion in surgery | 5 (2.2) | 5 (4.1) | χ2=0.495 | 0.48 |
| Intraoperative complications | 2 (0.9) | 6 (5.0) | χ2=4.228 | 0.04* |
| Severe hemorrhage | 0 | 2 (1.7) | ||
| Vascular injury | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Bowel injury | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Diaphragm injury | 0 | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Other injury | 0 | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Conversions to open surgery | 4 (1.7) | 5 (4.1) | χ2=0.972 | 0.32 |
| Length of hospital stay after surgery (day) | 6.08±3.42 | 7.16±3.76 | t=2.699 | <0.01* |
| Postoperative complications (short-term) | 45 (19.7) | 37 (30.6) | χ2=5.270 | 0.02* |
| Grade I | 16 (7.0) | 9 (7.4) | χ2=0.024 | 0.88 |
| Fever | 5 (2.2) | 5 (4.1) | ||
| Noninfectious diarrhea | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Hematuria | 4 (1.7) | 2 (1.7) | ||
| Wound infection | 5 (2.2) | 2 (1.7) | ||
| Grade II | 25 (10.9) | 27 (22.3) | χ2=8.129 | <0.01* |
| Hemorrhage treated by hemostatic agents | 6 (2.6) | 10 (8.3) | ||
| Lymphatic leakage treated by agents | 14 (6.1) | 8 (6.6) | ||
| Infection treated by antibiotics | 5 (2.2) | 9 (7.4) | ||
| Grade IIIa | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.8) | Ft | >0.99 |
| Hemorrhage treated by endovascular embolization | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Grade IIIb | 2 (0.9) | 0 | Ft | 0.55 |
| Hemorrhage treated by surgery | 1 (0.4) | 0 | ||
| Urinary leakage treated by surgery | 1 (0.4) | 0 | ||
| Grade IV | 0 | 0 | Ft | >0.99 |
| Postoperative complications (long-term) | 6 (2.6) | 10 (8.3) | χ2=5.782 | 0.02* |
| Pyeloureteral stenosis | 1 (0.4) | 2 (1.7) | ||
| Hydronephrosis | 0 | 3 (2.5) | ||
| Renal insufficiency | 5 (2.2) | 3 (2.5) | ||
| Lumbar hernia | 0 | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Others | 0 | 1 (0.8) |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). *, P<0.05. Postoperative complications (short-term) according to Dindo-Clavien classification. t, using the Student’s t-test; χ2, using the chi-square test; Ft, using the Fisher exact test. TIFP-LURS, trans-Interfascial planes procedures for laparoscopic upper retroperitoneal surgery; Con-LURS, conventional laparoscopic upper retroperitoneal surgery.