Table 3. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of risk factors for postoperative complications (short-term) among 350 patients analyzed in the study.

Variable	Total (n=350)	Complications (n=82)	Univariable			Multivariable
			OR (95% CI)	P		OR (95% CI)	P
Sex			1.246 (0.757–1.002)	0.39		Not included in the model	NC
Male	186 (53.1)	47 (57.3)
Female	164 (46.9)	35 (42.7)
Age (years)			1.019 (1.002–1.037)	0.03*		Not included in the model	NC
BMI (kg/m2)			1.005 (0.918–1.212)	0.45		Not included in the model	NC
Location			1.325 (0.807–2.175)	0.27		Not included in the model	NC
Right	169 (48.3)	44 (53.7)
Left	181 (51.7)	38 (46.3)
ASA score			1.092 (0.216–5.515)	0.92		Not included in the model	NC
≥3	8 (2.3)	2 (2.4)
<3	342 (97.7)	80 (97.6)
Disease condition			5.466 (3.221–9.277)	<0.001*		4.726 (2.562–8.717)	<0.01*
Malignant	113 (32.3)	51 (62.2)
Benign	237 (67.7)	31 (37.8)
Previous abdominal history	39 (11.1)	9 (11.0)	0.978 (0.444–2.154)	0.96		Not included in the model	NC
Ipsilateral hydro-nephrosis	127 (36.3)	30 (36.6)	1.017 (0.608–1.700)	0.95		Not included in the model	NC
Surgery procedure			0.555 (0.355–0.921)	0.02*		0.469 (0.260–0.848)	0.01*
TIFP	229 (65.4)	45 (54.9)
Con	121 (34.6)	37 (45.1)
Duration of surgery			1.005 (1.003–1.008)	<0.001*		1.002 (0.999–1.001)	0.26
Estimated blood loss			1.005 (1.003–1.007)	<0.001*		1.003 (1.001–1.005)	<0.01*
Conversion	9 (2.6)	1 (1.2)	0.401 (0.049–3.256)	0.39		Not included in the model	NC

Values are presented as number (%) unless otherwise specified. *, P<0.05. Postoperative complications (short-term) according to Dindo-Clavien classification. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; TIFP, trans-interfascial planes procedures for laparoscopic upper retroperitoneal surgery; Con, conventional laparoscopic upper retroperitoneal surgery; NC, not calculated; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.