Table 1.
General characteristics of the study groups (n = 14,184)
| Variables | Normal N = 7760 |
Prehypertension N = 802 |
Hypertension N = 5622 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender N (%) | **<0.001 | |||
| Male | 3724 (48) | 397 (49.5) | 2278 (40.5) | |
| Female | 4036 (52) | 405 (50.5) | 3344 (59.5) | |
| Education level N (%) | ***<0.001 | |||
| Illiterate | 799 (10.3) | 179 (22.3) | 1380 (24.6) | |
| Primary school | 2968 (38.3) | 324 (40.4) | 2262 (40.3) | |
| Diploma | 3148 (40.6) | 253 (31.5) | 1639 (29.2) | |
| University | 843 (10.9) | 46 (5.7) | 336 (6.0) | |
| Quintiles of wealth index N (%) | ***<0.001 | |||
| 1 (poorest) | 1639 (21.1) | 223 (27.8) | 1471 (26.2) | |
| 2 | 1161 (15) | 150 (18.7) | 1067 (19) | |
| 3 | 1556 (20.1) | 170 (21.2) | 1177 (20.9) | |
| 4 | 1814 (23.4) | 136 (17) | 1007 (17.9) | |
| 5 (richest) | 1590 (20.5) | 123 (15.3) | 900 (16) | |
| Marital status N (%) | **<0.001 | |||
| Not married | 442 (5.7) | 66 (8.2) | 518 (9.2) | |
| Married | 7318 (94.3) | 736 (91.8) | 5104 (90.8) | |
| Physical activity level ( ¶ METs) | ***<0.001 | |||
| Low | 2383 (30.7) | 261 (32.5) | 2039 (36.3) | |
| Moderate | 2560 (33) | 249 (31) | 1890 (33.6) | |
| High | 2817 (36.3) | 292 (36.4) | 1693 (30.1) | |
| Current smoking status | ***<0.001 | |||
| No smoker | 5643 (72.7) | 598 (74.6) | 4501 (80.1) | |
| Ex-smoker | 586 (7.6) | 80 (10) | 514 (9.1) | |
| Smoker | 1378 (17.8) | 109 (13.6) | 511 (9.1) | |
| Smoker other type of tobacco products | 153 (2) | 15 (1.9) | 96 (1.7) | |
| Medical History | ||||
| Diabetes | 475 (6.1) | 106 (13.2) | 966 (17.2) | **<0.001 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 177 (2.3) | 29 (3.6) | 471 (8.4) | **<0.001 |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 46.82 ± 8.52 | 52.62 ± 9.49 | 52.93 ± 9.06 | *<0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 163.40 ± 9.34 | 161.89 ± 9.50 | 160.98 ± 9.50 | *<0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 73.62 ± 12.94 | 74.97 ± 13.72 | 78.351 ± 14.07 | *<0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.60 ± 4.53 | 28.57 ± 4.57 | 30.24 ± 4.89 | *<0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.09 ± 10.72 | 94.35 ± 10.60 | 97.74 ± 10.87 | *<0.001 |
P: *One-way ANOVA, **P: Chi-square, *** P: Kruskal-Waliis, BMI; Body mass index