Fig. 4.

Ferroptosis in cancer therapy. Conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and nanotherapy can trigger ferroptosis, halting tumor growth. However, they may also activate pathways enabling cancer cells to evade ferroptosis. Therefore, combining therapies with the inhibition of ferroptosis escape pathways can significantly improve treatment outcomes. Ferroptotic cancer cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which play a dual role in either promoting or inhibiting antitumor immunity, depending on the specific type and stage of cancer