Anti‐proliferative activity of cepharanthin (CEP) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines. (a) Seven human CCA cell lines were treated with 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL of CEP for 24 h; (b) KKU‐M213 and (c) KKU‐M214 were treated with various concentrations of CEP for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell growth was analyzed by MTT assay. Percentages of cell viability relative to control cells (without CEP) are shown as mean ± SD from three separate experiments. *P < 0.001.