Table 1.
Aberrations of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome proteins (WASPs) and WASP family verprolin‐homologous proteins (WAVEs) in cancers
| Gene | Aberration | Evidence | Correlation | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WASPs | ||||
| WASP | Unknown | — | — | — |
| N‐WASP | Up (colon) | MA, RT | Met | [s1] |
| Up (esophagus) | MA | ND | [s2] | |
| Down (breast) | RT, WB, IHC | Met, bad prognosis | [s3] | |
| WIPs | ||||
| WIPF1/2/3 | Unknown | — | — | — |
| WAVEs | ||||
| WAVE1 | Up (prostate) | RT, IHC | Inv | [s4] |
| Up (leukemia) | RT, WB | Resistance to apoptosis | [s5] | |
| WAVE2 | Up (melanoma) | WB | Inv, met | (12) |
| Up (breast) | RT, IHC | Inv, bad prognosis | [s6, s7] | |
| Up (lung)† | IHC | Bad prognosis | [s8] | |
| Up (colon)† | IHC | Met | [s9] | |
| WAVE3 | TL (ganglioneuroblastoma) | MA, RT | Tumorigenesis | [s10] |
| Up (breast) | MA, RT, IHC | Inv | (99, 100) | |
| Up (prostate) | RT | Inv | [s11] | |
| ABIs | ||||
| Abi1 | Up (breast) | WB | Inv | [s12] |
| Down (stomach) | IHC | Met, bad prognosis | [s7] | |
| Abi2 | Unknown | — | — | — |
| Abi3 | Down (glioma) | WB | Met | [s13] |
| HSPC300 | ||||
| HSPC300 | Del (VHL kidney) | MAP | Suppression of tumorigenesis | [s14–s16] |
| Up (lung) | IHC | Met | [s17] | |
| CYFIPs | ||||
| CYFIP1 | Down (breast, colon, etc.) | IHC, RT | Inv | (95) |
| CYFIP2 | Unknown | — | — | — |
| NckAPs | ||||
| NckAP1/2 | Unknown | — | — | — |
References prefixed with “s” are provided as Supplementary Information. Abi, Abl‐interactor; Del, genomic deletion of HSPC300 accompanied by genetic loss of von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor. Loss of function of VHL gene is responsible for familial or sporadic VHL tumor syndrome; CYFIP, cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 2; Down, gene product downregulated as indicated cancer advances; HSPC300, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell protein 300; IHC, immunohistochemistry; Inv, invasion; MA, microarray; MAP, deletion mapping of chromosomes; Met, metastasis; NckAP, Nck‐associated protein; ND, not determined; N‐WASP, WASP homologue; RT, RT‐PCR; TL, genomic translocation found at the locus of the indicated gene; Up, gene product upregulated as indicated cancer advances; WB, Western blotting. —, not applicable; WIP, WASP‐interacting protein. †WAVE2 upregulation is seen with actin‐related protein 2 coexpression.