Table 6.
Effects of area‐based socioeconomic status (SES) on corpus cancer cumulative 5‐year survival estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models
| Independent variable | Unemployment Univariate Hazard ratio (95%CI) | Model 1 Hazard ratio (95%CI) | Model 2 Hazard ratio (95%CI) | Model 3 Hazard ratio (95%CI) | Education Univariate Hazard ratio (95%CI) | Model 1 Hazard ratio (95%CI) | Model 2 Hazard ratio (95%CI) | Model 3 Hazard ratio (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area‐based SES † | ||||||||
| High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Middle | 1.27 (1.08–1.49) | 1.26 (1.08–1.49) | 1.10 (0.94–1.30) | 1.10 (0.94–1.30) | 1.26 (1.09–1.46) | 1.30 (1.13–1.51) | 1.15 (0.99–1.33) | 1.17 (1.01–1.36) |
| Low | 1.99 (1.69–2.35) | 1.72 (1.46–2.03) | 1.54 (1.31–1.82) | 1.56 (1.32–1.84) | 1.43 (1.21–1.69) | 1.36 (1.15–1.61) | 1.17 (0.99–1.39) | 1.17 (0.99–1.39) |
| Age under 40 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 40–49 | 1.18 (0.76–1.82) | 1.14 (0.74–1.76) | 1.09 (0.71–1.68) | 1.10 (0.72–1.71) | 1.18 (0.76–1.82) | 1.17 (0.76–1.81) | 1.11 (0.72–1.72) | 1.14 (0.74–1.75) |
| 50–59 | 1.46 (0.97–2.19) | 1.37 (0.91–2.07) | 1.25 (0.83–1.89) | 1.26 (0.84–1.90) | 1.46 (0.97–2.19) | 1.44 (0.95–2.16) | 1.28 (0.85–1.92) | 1.29 (0.86–1.95) |
| 60–69 | 2.73 (1.81–4.10) | 2.50 (1.66–3.77) | 2.14 (1.42–3.22) | 2.12 (1.41–3.20) | 2.73 (1.81–4.10) | 2.70 (1.79–4.05) | 2.26 (1.50–3.41) | 2.26 (1.50–3.40) |
| 70–79 | 4.20 (2.77–6.38) | 3.71 (2.44–5.65) | 3.27 (2.15–4.99) | 2.95 (1.93–4.48) | 4.20 (2.77–6.38) | 4.12 (2.71–6.27) | 3.59 (2.36–5.47) | 3.24 (2.13–4.93) |
| 80+ | 8.07 (5.09–12.81) | 7.38 (4.65–11.72) | 6.61 (4.26–10.51) | 4.88 (3.05–7.81) | 8.07 (5.09–12.81) | 8.13 (5.13–12.91) | 6.86 (4.32–10.91) | 5.07 (3.17–8.11) |
| Cancer stage | ||||||||
| Localized | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Regional | 4.50 (3.85–5.27) | 4.51 (3.85–5.38) | 3.93 (3.33–4.64) | 4.50 (3.85–5.27) | 4.51 (3.85–5.28) | 3.98 (3.37–4.70) | ||
| Distant | 12.78 (10.71–15.26) | 11.84 (9.91–14.27) | 9.44 (7.82–11.39) | 12.78 (10.71–15.26) | 11.82 (9.88–14.14) | 9.50 (7.86–11.47) | ||
| Unknown | 3.50 (2.83–4.32) | 3.12 (2.52–3.86) | 2.43 (1.93–3.06) | 3.50 (2.83–4.32) | 3.16 (2.55–3.91) | 2.45 (1.94–3.09) | ||
| Treatment | ||||||||
| Surgery alone | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Surgery combined with either radiation, chemotherapy, or both | 2.31 (1.94–2.74) | 1.41 (1.17–1.70) | 2.31 (1.94–2.74) | 1.36 (1.13–1.64) | ||||
| No surgery (radiation alone, chemotherapy alone, or combined radiation + chemotherapy) | 8.33 (6.64–10.47) | 2.74 (2.15–3.50) | 8.33 (6.64–10.47) | 2.721 (2.13–3.48) | ||||
| Other treatments and unknown | 5.15 (4.04–6.56) | 2.35 (1.80–3.07) | 5.15 (4.04–6.56) | 2.321 (1.78–3.03) | ||||
†
In the case of ‘unemployment’, high area‐based SES means a low percentage of male unemployment in each municipality. In the case of ‘education’, high area‐based SES means a high percentage of college or graduate school graduates in each municipality. In model 1 we controlled for age; in model 2 we controlled for age plus biological factors (cancer stage); in model 3 we controlled for all of the variables in model 2, plus treatment type. CI, confidence interval.