Figure 3.

The [Ca²⁺]i, generation of ROS and Δψ_m in control cells and HIF‐1α‐overexpressing cells. Both cell types were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions for 24 h. (a) [Ca²⁺]i was determined by the fluorescence obtained from Fluo‐3 AM using a FACScan cytometer. (b) ROS levels were measured using flow cytometry after loading cells with DCFH‐DA. (c) Δψ_m was measured by the relative fluorescence intensities of rhodamine‐123 using flow cytometry. The experiment was repeated three times and this is a representative example. Values are the mean ± SEM of determinations made in three independent cultures. *P < 0.05 compared with values for control cells (mock).