Effect of AM580 on Ishikawa cell proliferation. Cells were treated with AM580 (10−8–10−6 M) or with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; vehicle), as a control, for 24–96 h. Cell proliferation was analyzed in 96‐well microplates by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM of eight wells for each group. Following 24 h of treatment, there were no significant differences between the groups. However, at 48 h and thereafter, both of the AM580 groups (10−7 M and 10−6 M) had significantly decreased proliferation compared with the control group. *P < 0.05 versus vehicle.