Insig2 mRNA expression levels in microdissected cells. (a) Representative micrographs of cells in pancreatic normal ductal epithelia, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions, and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) lesions stained with 1% toluidine blue. Diff, differentiated; mod, moderately. (b) Relative levels of Insig2 mRNA expression normalized by the levels of 18S rRNA mRNA expression in microdissected normal pancreatic ductal, PanIN, and IDC cells. The center horizontal lines represent the median values. The levels of Insig2 mRNA expression are significantly higher in IDC cells and PanIN cells than in normal ductal epithelial cells (P < 0.001, normal ductal epithelial cells versus IDC cells; P = 0.019, normal ductal epithelial cells versus PanIN cells). Although the levels of Insig2 mRNA expression in IDC cells tend to be higher than those in PanIN cells, the difference is not significant (P = 0.082).