. 2008 Nov 20;99(12):2510–2517. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00981.x

Table 1.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of baseline predictors of survival in 136 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombi

Variables		n	Survival status		P‐values
Variables		n	Average ± SD	Median ± SD	Univariate	Multivariate
Age (years)	≤40	24	15.4 ± 16.2	8.6 ± 15.2	0.052	0.674
	40–60	84	14.2 ± 15.6	8.5 ± 7.3
	≥60	28	28.3 ± 33.9	17.4 ± 27.5
Gender	Female	7	36.6 ± 29.6	59.1 ± 0	0.125	0.499
Gender	Male	129	16.6 ± 21.6	9.0 ± 9.7	0.125	0.499
HBsAg	Negative	12	23.3 ± 23.9	16.6 ± 17.3	0.346	0.752
HBsAg	Positive	124	16.9 ± 22.3	9.0 ± 8.9	0.346	0.752
Hemoglobin (g/L)	≤110	26	8.4 ± 6.1	7.2 ± 6.1	0.002	0.665
	110–140	97	20.3 ± 25.6	10.3 ± 14.8
	≥140	13	16.1 ± 13.3	15.4 ± 25.2
Platelet count (×10⁹/L)	≤100	64	20.9 ± 26.4	11.5 ± 15.2	0.005	0.659
	100–200	54	15.3 ± 16.9	9.1 ± 7.3
	≥200	18	8.4 ± 8.1	4.7 ± 2.5
Total bilirubin (mmol/L)	<20	79	16.5 ± 17.8	10.2 ± 7.1	0.711	0.947
Total bilirubin (mmol/L)	≥20	57	18.6 ± 26.4	8.0 ± 7.5	0.711	0.947
Albumin (g/L)	≤35	28	10.7 ± 16.4	7.2 ± 8.5	0.001	0.005
	35–44	71	15.1 ± 16.9	8.6 ± 9.3
	≥44	37	25.2 ± 26.8	15.4 ± 24.9
ALT (IU/mL)	<75	111	16.8 ± 21.1	9.1 ± 9.5	0.611	0.337
ALT (IU/mL)	≥75	25	21.1 ± 25.0	11.5 ± 16.0	0.611	0.337
AST(IU/mL)	<75	98	19.7 ± 23.8	10.2 ± 14.6	0.006	0.718
AST(IU/mL)	≥ 75	38	9.8 ± 6.8	6.5 ± 9.6	0.006	0.718
ALP(IU/mL)	<150	86	20.1 ± 23.8	11.5 ± 15.8	0.014	0.146
ALP(IU/mL)	≥150	50	10.7 ± 8.2	7.5 ± 4.2	0.014	0.146
γ‐GT (IU/L)	≤75	25	27.6 ± 28.5	18.4 ± 22.2	0.028	0.018
	75–150	39	15.5 ± 22.7	9.0 ± 10.1
	≥150	72	13.6 ± 14.5	8.0 ± 7.5
AFP status (µg/L)	≤20	49	23.1 ± 24.2	13.0 ± 26.3	0.008	0.032
	20–400	32	15.3 ± 18.1	9.0 ± 9.4
	≥400	55	12.5 ± 16.1	7.5 ± 5.3
Child–Pugh classification	A	107	20.4 ± 24.8	10.7 ± 10.8	<0.001	0.005
	B	28	7.4 ± 4.4	5.4 ± 3.9
	C^†	1	3.3 ± 0	3.3 ± 0
Size of intrahepatic tumors (cm)	≤5	48	24.3 ± 27.8	13.2 ± 13.2	0.009	0.269
	5–10	58	12.2 ± 11.1	7.4 ± 6.8
	≥10	30	13.1 ± 12.1	7.5 ± 4.1
Intrahepatic tumor number	Solitary	68	22.3 ± 24.2	13.2 ± 22.6	<0.001	0.008
Intrahepatic tumor number	Multiple	68	12.5 ± 18.2	7.0 ± 5.2	<0.001	0.008
Thrombus location	PV branches	27	17.7 ± 18.7	10.1 ± 3.7	0.047	0.224
	PV trunk	67	14.7 ± 25.9	7.4 ± 7.3
	IVC	30	23.5 ± 23.6	18.4 ± 14.1
	IVC + PV	12	12.5 ± 6.6	7.5 ± 4.5
Presence of tumor thrombi	Synchronous	71	12.6 ± 16.1	7.4 ± 6.4	0.002	0.382
Presence of tumor thrombi	Asynchronous	65	22.3 ± 25.5	12.2 ± 20.9	0.002	0.382
LN metastases	Absent	118	18.7 ± 23.1	10.2 ± 12.5	0.001	<0.001
LN metastases	Present	18	7.8 ± 6.2	5.0 ± 2.2	0.001	<0.001
Distant metastases	Absent	94	17.7 ± 22.9	8.2 ± 10.9	0.287	0.281
	Lung	38	12.7 ± 9.3	9.5 ± 9.2
	Other sites	4	37.2 ± 35.0	9.9 ± 54.1
Previous treatment modalities for intrahepatic tumors	Without therapy	14	17.7 ± 25.6	5.7 ± 3.1	0.427	0.408
	TACE	90	16.5 ± 20.2	9.1 ± 9.9
	Resection ± TACE	32	18.7 ± 21.7	12.0 ± 10.0
EBRT dose (Gy)	30–48	40	14.1 ± 18.0	8.0 ± 4.7	0.078	0.386
	50	59	16.6 ± 22.8	9.7 ± 11.5
	52–60	37	23.2 ± 23.5	12.5 ± 21.3
Response to EBRT	CR	41	25.4 ± 22.6	19.5 ± 16.0	<0.001	<0.001
	PR	36	20.6 ± 30.8	10.2 ± 8.8
	SD	49	11.1 ± 13.6	7.2 ± 3.9
	PD	10	4.2 ± 1.8	3.5 ± 0.5
Radiation technique	2‐D	69	16.4 ± 19.1	8.5 ± 12.5	0.393	<0.001
Radiation technique	3‐D	67	14.4 ± 11.5	10.7 ± 18.3	0.393	<0.001

2‐D, two‐dimensional conformal EBRT; 3‐D, three‐dimentional conformal EBRT; AFP, α‐fetoprotein; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CR, complete response; EBRT, external‐beam radiation therapy; HbsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; LN, lymph node; PD, progressive disease; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; SD, standard deviation; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; WBC, white blood cell; γ‐GT, γ‐glutamyltransferase.

^†

Child–Pugh C was excluded because of only one case; P‐value is the comparison between Child–Pugh A and B.