Table 1.

ERK signaling regulators and cancer

Regulator	Action point	Cancer type	Gene expression	Reference
Sprouty1	Grb2	Breast, prostate	Downregulated	60, 61
Sprouty2	Grb2, Raf, c‐Cbl	Breast, prostate, liver	Downregulated	61, 62, 63
		Melanoma	Upregulated	66, 67
Sprouty4	Sos, Raf	Prostate	Downregulated	64
Spred	Raf	–	–	–
Sef	FGF receptor, MEK/ERK	Prostate	Downregulated	65