Figure 2.

A model for NADPH oxidase (Nox) 1 function in Ras transformation. Growth factor (GF) stimulation of its receptor tyrosine kinase (TRK) induces Nox1 expression via the Ras–Raf–MEK–ERK–GATA‐6 pathway. Nox1, whose activity is regulated by Rac1, generates H₂O₂ as a signaling molecule in normal physiological processes. In contrast, oncogenic Ras (RasV12) constitutively activates Nox1 expression and increased reactive oxygen species generation perturbs cellular activities including growth, morphology, and migration. MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.