Table 2.
Results of univariate analysis for survival from non‐small cell lung cancer
| Characteristics | No. subjects | Person‐months Median (range) | Cases | Univariate analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) † | P‐value | ||||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| ≤59 | 82 | 72 (8–91) | 11 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| 60–69 | 87 | 69 (0–91) | 23 | 2.2 (1.1–4.4) | 0.036 |
| 70≤ | 69 | 69 (6–91) | 23 | 2.7 (1.3–5.5) | 0.007 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 93 | 72 (8–91) | 12 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Male | 145 | 69 (0–91) | 45 | 2.6 (1.4–4.9) | 0.003 |
| Body mass index | |||||
| ≥18.5 kg/m2 | 219 | 71 (2–91) | 50 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 19 | 66 (0–89) | 7 | 1.9 (0.9–4.1) | 0.12 |
| Duration of education | |||||
| >15 years | 34 | 71 (18–88) | 6 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| 15 years | 204 | 71 (0–91) | 51 | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 0.38 |
| Smoking status (%) | |||||
| Never‐smoker | 84 | 73 (10–91) | 9 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Ex‐smoker | 56 | 69 (10–91) | 19 | 3.4 (1.5–7.6) | 0.002 |
| Current smoker | 98 | 67 (0–91) | 29 | 3.1 (1.5–6.6) | 0.003 |
| Smoking status after surgery | |||||
| Never‐smoker | 84 | 73 (10–91) | 9 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Ex‐smoker | 56 | 69 (10–91) | 19 | 3.4 (1.5–7.6) | 0.002 |
| Quit smoker | 92 | 67 (2–91) | 26 | 2.9 (1.4–6.3) | 0.006 |
| Continued smoker | 6 | 52 (0–91) | 3 | 6.4 (1.7–23.9) | 0.005 |
| Medical characteristics | |||||
| Occasion of diagnosis | |||||
| Mass screening or health checkup | 144 | 72 (2–91) | 28 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Subjective symptoms | 48 | 69 (0–89) | 10 | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 0.58 |
| Follow up for other diseases | 41 | 63 (8–89) | 18 | 2.8 (1.6–5.1) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 5 | 69 (53–91) | 1 | 0.9 (0.1–6.9) | 0.95 |
| Pathological stage ‡ , ‡ | |||||
| IA | 122 | 74 (18–91) | 17 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| IB | 60 | 67 (8–91) | 13 | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 0.13 |
| IIA | 11 | 64 (18–77) | 5 | 4.3 (1.6–11.8) | 0.004 |
| IIB | 35 | 66 (0–91) | 16 | 4.3 (2.2–8.6) | <0.001 |
| IIIA | 10 | 34 (2–74) | 6 | 8.6 (3.4–22.0) | <0.001 |
| Histology type | |||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 162 | 71 (2–91) | 39 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 50 | 68 (8–89) | 13 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 0.83 |
| Large cell carcinoma | 10 | 61 (0–73) | 4 | 2.3 (0.8–6.3) | 0.12 |
| Other | 16 | 71 (16–91) | 1 | 0.2 (0.0–1.8) | 0.16 |
| Type of surgery | |||||
| Lobectomy | 228 | 71 (2–91) | 55 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Pneumonectomy | 10 | 69 (0–86) | 2 | 1.2 (0.3–4.8) | 0.82 |
| Performance status before surgery § | |||||
| 0 | 165 | 72 (6–91) | 36 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| 1–2 | 73 | 68 (0–89) | 21 | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 0.15 |
| Co‐morbidity¶ | |||||
| Absence | 143 | 71 (0–91) | 32 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Presence | 95 | 69 (2–89) | 25 | 1.3 (0.7–2.1) | 0.40 |
| Pain | |||||
| None‐mild | 111 | 72 (0–91) | 27 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Moderate‐severe | 127 | 70 (2–91) | 30 | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 0.97 |
| Dyspnea | |||||
| None‐mild | 134 | 72 (6–91) | 31 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Moderate‐severe | 104 | 69 (0–91) | 26 | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 0.68 |
| Albumin | |||||
| ≥3.5 g/dL | 219 | 71 (4–91) | 48 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| <3.5 g/dL | 15 | 62 (0–73) | 8 | 3.4 (1.6–7.2) | 0.002 |
| Unknown | 4 | 74 (8–88) | 1 | 1.3 (0.2–9.1) | 0.82 |
| Psychological characteristics | |||||
| SCID‐Depression | |||||
| Absence | 223 | 71 (0–91) | 54 | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Presence | 15 | 71 (27–86) | 3 | 0.8 (0.3–2.6) | 0.73 |
| POMS score¶ | |||||
| TMD | 236 | 71 (0–91) | 57 | Continuous variables | 0.29 |
| Depression‐dejection | 236 | 71 (0–91) | 57 | Continuous variables | 0.14 |
| Tension‐anxiety | 236 | 71 (0–91) | 57 | Continuous variables | 0.51 |
| Anger‐hostility | 236 | 71 (0–91) | 57 | Continuous variables | 0.12 |
| Vigor‐activity | 236 | 71 (0–91) | 57 | Continuous variables | 0.27 |
| Fatigue‐inertia | 236 | 71 (0–91) | 57 | Continuous variables | 0.33 |
| Confusion‐bewilderment | 236 | 71 (0–91) | 57 | Continuous variables | 0.18 |
†
All hazard ratios (HR) are given with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in parentheses.
‡
‡ Defined by a tumor node metastasis staging system classification: International Union Againt Cancer.
‡
‡ Defined by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
§
§ Hypertension, myocardiac infarction, angina pectoris, diabetes mellitus, renal diseases or liver diseases.
¶
¶Two subjects excluded from analysis of Profiles of Mood State (POMS) score. SCID, Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Revised (DSM‐III‐R) criteria; TMD, total mood disturbance.