Table 1.
Reported frequencies of genetic and epigenetic alterations in dysplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF)
| Alteration | Dysplastic ACF | Author | |
|---|---|---|---|
| From FAP (%) | From sporadic CRC (%) | ||
| APC mutation | 18 (5/28) | Otori et al.( 64 ) | |
| 100 (8/8) | 0 (0/5) | Takayama et al.( 26 ) | |
| K‐ras mutation | 0 (0/24) | 50 (2/4) | Chan et al.( 59 ) |
| 64 (18/28) | Otori et al.( 64 ) | ||
| 13 (1/8) | 64 (7/11) | Takayama et al.( 26 ) | |
| BRAF mutation | 0 (0/21) | 0 (0/3) | Beach et al.( 19 ) |
| Chromosome 1p loss | 0 (0/24) | 0 (0/3) | Chan et al.( 59 ) |
| MGMT methylation | 5 (1/20) | 25 (1/4) | Chan et al.( 59 ) |
| CIM | 8 (2/24) | 75 (3/4) | Chan et al.( 59 ) |
| CIMP‐high | 4 (1/24) | 25 (1/4) | Chan et al.( 59 ) |
CIM, CpG island methylation of MINT1, MINT2, MINT31, p16, MGMT and/or hMLH1; CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; CRC, colorectal cancer; FAP, familial adenomatous polyposis.