Table 2.

Reported frequencies of genetic and epigenetic alterations in heteroplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF)

Alteration	Heteroplastic ACF			Author
	With sporadic CRC (%)	Serrated	Non‐serrated
APC mutation	0 (0/56)			Otori et al.( 64 )
	0 (0/8)			Takayama et al.( 26 )
K‐ras mutation	36 (10/28)			Chan et al.( 59 )
	88 (28/32)			Takayama et al.( 26 )
	93 (50/56)			Otori et al.( 64 )
		19 (3/16)	42 (14/33)	Rosenberg et al.( 70 )
BRAF mutation	4 (1/26)			Beach et al.( 19 )
		63 (10/26)	3 (1/33)	Rosenberg et al.( 70 )
Chromosome 1p loss	10 (2/20)			Chan et al.( 59 )
MGMT methylation	13 (3/24)			Chan et al.( 59 )
CIM	50 (14/28)			Chan et al.( 59 )
CIMP‐high	11 (3/28)			Chan et al.( 59 )

CIM, CpG island methylation of MINT1, MINT2, MINT31, p16, MGMT and/or hMLH1; CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; CRC, colorectal cancer.