Table 3.
Reported frequencies of genetic and epigenetic alterations in hyperplastic polyps (HP), serrated polyps (SP), serrated adenoma (SA), admixed hyperplastic‐adenomatous polyps (AHAP) and adenocarcinoma (AC)
| Alteration | HP | SP | SA (%) | AHAP (%) | AC arising in SA (%) | Authors | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predominantly right side (%) | Predominantly left side (%) | P‐value | With HP predominantly right side/HP with SA (type‐B SP) (%) | With HP predominantly left side without SA (type‐A SP) (%) | P‐value | |||||
| APC mutation | 20 (7/35) | Fogt et al.( 77 ) | ||||||||
| 4 (1/26) | Dehari et al.( 76 ) | |||||||||
| K‐ras mutation | 0 (0/34) | 17 (6/36) | 0.025 | 6 (3/51) | 19 (5/26) | 0.111 | 0 (0/4) | 67 (2/3) | Beach et al.( 19 ) | |
| 4 (2/45) | 11 (9/83) | 0.326 | 0 (0/6) | 67 (2/3) | Rashid et al.( 11 ) | |||||
| 2 (1/44) | 14 (8/58) | 0.041 | 5 (3/64) | 17 (8/46) | 0.049 | 25 (2/8) | Chan et al.( 73 ) | |||
| 0 (0/9) | Chan et al.( 41 ) | |||||||||
| 24 (7/29) | 0 (0/11) | O’Brien et al.( 83 ) | ||||||||
| BRAF mutation | 68 (23/34) | 19 (7/36) | <0.0001 | 61 (31/51) | 12 (3/26) | <0.0001 | 75 (3/4) | 33 (1/3) | Beach et al.( 19 ) | |
| 100 (9/9) | Chan et al.( 41 ) | |||||||||
| 62 (18/29) | 82 (9/11) | O’Brien et al.( 83 ) | ||||||||
| Chromosome 1p loss | 4 (2/45) | 17 (14/83) | 0.051 | 0 (0/6) | Rashid et al.( 11 ) | |||||
| 5 (2/44) | 17 (10/58) | 0.064 | 3 (2/64) | 22 (10/46) | 0.004 | 0 (0/8) | Chan et al.( 73 ) | |||
| MGMT methylation | 45 (13/29) | 20 (2/10) | Toyota et al.( 79 ) | |||||||
| CIMP‐high | 76 (26/34) | 19 (7/34) | <0.0001 | 76 (38/50) | 4 (1/25) | <0.0001 | 75 (3/4) | 100 (3/3) | Beach et al.( 19 ) | |
| 77 (34/44) | 19 (11/58) | <0.0001 | 77 (49/64) | 4 (2/46) | <0.0001 | 75 (6/8) | Chan et al.( 73 ) | |||
| 68 (15/22) | Park et al.( 78 ) | |||||||||
| 79 (23/29) | 90 (9/10) | O’Brien et al.( 83 ) | ||||||||
| MSI‐high | 0 (0/45) | 5 (4/83) | 0.297 | 0 (0/6) | 0 (0/3) | Rashid et al.( 11 ) | ||||
| 0 (0/34) | 0 (0/36) | NA | 6 (1/51) | 0 (0/26) | 1.000 | 0 (0/4) | 33 (1/3) | Beach et al.( 19 ) | ||
| 0 (0/44) | 0 (0/58) | NA | 2 (1/64) | 0 (0/46) | 0.500 | 13 (1/8) | Chan et al.( 73 ) | |||
| 9 (2/22) | Park et al.( 78 ) | |||||||||
| 0 (0/29) | 82 (9/11) | O’Brien et al.( 83 ) | ||||||||
Values in bold indicate presence of statistical significance. Serrated polyps include HP, SA, and AHAP. CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; MSI, microsatellite instability; NA, not applicable.