Figure 7.

 Schema of intracellular hyperthermia using N‐propionyl‐4‐S‐cysteaminylphenol with magnetite nanoparticles (NPrCAP/M) with alternating magnetic field (AMF) exposure. Injected NPrCAP/M nanoparticles are specifically incorporated in melanoma cells. Intracellular hyperthermia can induce necrotic cell death and adjacent live melanoma cells suffer heat shock, resulting in increased level of intracellular heat shock protein (HSP)‐peptide complexes. Repeated hyperthermia turns heat‐shocked cells to necrotic cells, leading to the release of their intracellular contents, including HSPs‐peptide complexes, into extracellular milieu. The released HSPs‐peptide complexes are taken up by dendritic cells (DCs). Then, DCs migrate into regional lymph nodes and cross‐present HSP‐chaperoned antigenic peptides to CD8⁺ T cells in the context of MHC class I molecules, thereby inducing antimelanoma CTLs. Finally, the remaining melanoma cells are killed by repeated hyperthermia or by the melanoma‐specific CTLs.