Figure 2.

 Design of the two‐stage genome‐wide association study (GWAS) by Millennium Genome Project. As shown in Supplementary Table S1 online, GWAS is often performed in multiple stages. In the Millennium Genome Project, five diseases, including gastric cancer, were analyzed simultaneously in the same GWAS. Therefore, one of the reference (control) groups in the first screening was a case mix of the other four diseases, while the second stage was a more conventional case‐control study. DB, database; MAF, minor allele frequency; OR, odds ratio.