Table 1.

Macrophage products with potential to influence tumorigenesis

Biological effect	Factor s and molecules
Growth and survival	bFGF, EGF, HGF, PDGF, IL‐6, TNF, polyamine, PGE2, WNT7b
Angiogenesis	VEGF, MMP‐9, IL‐1, IL‐8, uPA, CXCL‐1,CXCL‐8,HIF‐1α, HIF‐2α, PGE2
Tissue invasion	Chemokines, PGE2, MMP‐9, uPA, TIMP, plasmin
DNA damage	ROS, NO
Suppressors of immune responses	IL‐10, TGF‐β, IDO, arginase, PGE2, ROS, NO
Activation of immune responses	IL‐12, TNF, CD80, CD86, MHC, CD40, chemokines, BAFF

IL, interleukin; MMP, matrix metalloproteinases; NO, nitric oxide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.