Figure 4.

 Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 7 inhibited melanoma cell invasion ability. (A) Cells invading through the extracellular basement membrane showed long filopodia‐like mesenchymal cell bodies (left). After invasion, round, non‐attached, single cells were present at the bottom of the Matrigel (right). Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) A 20‐h incubation time allowed complete invasion of most of the treated cells. The remnants covered the upper side of the Matrigel. Photographs were taken at the bottom site at 40 ×  magnification. Scale bar = 50 μm. (C) WM‐266‐4 cells were treated with 100 ng/mL BMP7, 4 μmol/L cisplatin, or both, for 8 days before the invasion assay. The BMP7‐treated group showed lower invaded cell numbers, which were reduced by approximately 65% invaded cell numbers compared with that of the control. Cisplatin did not affect cell invasion ability. The experiments were repeated three times, each with triplicate samples. Cell counts were analyzed using Image Pro Plus software. P‐values for comparisons in the 95% significant level were analyzed by Mann–Whitney two‐tailed test. Bars, SD; *P < 0.018; **P < 0.0042.