Figure 2.

Methylene‐blue‐mediated photodynamic therapy (MB‐PDT)‐mediated apoptosis is effected through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. (a) The time‐dependent apoptosis was measured in B16F1 cells. For this analysis, cells were treated with MB‐PDT (20 µM), and then harvested at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h post‐PDT, respectively. The blots were probed with specific antibodies as shown. (b) Treated cells were stained with fluorochrome dye DiOC₆ to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ_m ) as indicated. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments.