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. 2008 Oct 13;99(10):2019–2027. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00910.x

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Methylene‐blue‐mediated photodynamic therapy (MB‐PDT)‐mediated apoptosis is oxidative stress dependent. (a) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured in treated cells labeled with DHR as indicated. Dose‐dependent increase in intracellular ROS production (mean ± SD) was shown. (b) Total cellular glutathione (GSH) levels after a 4‐h treatment of B16F1 cells with MB‐PDT. (c) Apoptosis was assessed at 6 h in B16F1 cells treated with 20 mM GSH for 1 h followed by treatment with MB‐PDT. (d) B16F1 cells were incubated with 10 µM DL‐buthionine (S,R)‐sulfoximine (BSO), followed by treatment with MB‐PDT. After the indicated time, cell death was measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Data are expressed as percent of the control.