Table 3.
Parameters related to carcinogenesis in the liver (experiment 2)
| Treatment | No. samples | UGT activity (nmol/min/ mg protein) | GST activity (nmol/min/ mg protein) | 8‐OHdG level | TBARS level (nmol MDA/ g liver) | IQ‐adducted DNA (/107 nucleotides) | PCNA‐LI † | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (8‐OHdG/105 dG) | ||||||||
| Week 1 | Week 4 | |||||||
| Male | ||||||||
| BD, Nrf2(+/+) | 5 | 9.34 ± 0.82 | 415 ± 122 | 0.32 ± 0.07 | 0.33 ± 0.16 | 66.2 ± 13.4 | ND | 0.74 ± 0.71 |
| BD, Nrf2(–/–) | 5 | 6.76 ± 0.97** | 249 ± 146 | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.38 ± 0.10 | 91.4 ± 23.4 | ND | 1.07 ± 1.10 |
| IQ, Nrf2(+/+) | 5 (3) | 9.91 ± 0.70 | 630 ± 121* | 0.28 ± 0.10 | 0.31 ± 0.17 | 77.9 ± 3.8 | 1.52 ± 0.49 | 2.86 ± 1.68 |
| IQ, Nrf2(–/–) | 5 (3) | 7.23 ± 0.92***** | 271 ± 57***** | 0.29 ± 0.10 | 0.34 ± 0.13 | 87.2 ± 21.5 | 1.65 ± 0.80 | 6.72 ± 3.98*** |
| Female | ||||||||
| BD, Nrf2(+/+) | 5 | 8.13 ± 1.62 | 163 ± 44 | 0.36 ± 0.15 | 0.35 ± 0.12 | 88.1 ± 14.2 | ND | 1.90 ± 0.78 |
| BD, Nrf2(–/–) | 5 | 6.33 ± 1.22 | 114 ± 55 | 0.29 ± 0.10 | 0.26 ± 0.10 | 112.6 ± 25.9 | ND | 2.53 ± 1.45 |
| IQ, Nrf2(+/+) | 5 (3) | 8.93 ± 0.41 | 365 ± 98** | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 0.27 ± 0.08 | 100.0 ± 14.9 | 2.57 ± 1.07 | 2.10 ± 1.35 |
| IQ, Nrf2(–/–) | 5 (3) | 7.43 ± 0.84 | 137 ± 69***** | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.36 ± 0.20 | 155.3 ± 49.3**** | 4.53 ± 1.38 | 4.08 ± 5.05 |
IQ (2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline) was administered at 300 p.p.m. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of samples used for the measurement of IQ‐specific DNA adduct formation. Data are presented as mean ± SD. †Average number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive cells/total cells (%). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01: significantly different from the untreated Nrf2(+/+) group. ***P < 0.01: significantly different from the untreated Nrf2(–/–) group. ****P < 0.05, *****P < 0.01: significantly different from the Nrf2(+/+) group treated with IQ. 8‐OHdG, 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine; BD, basal diet; GST, glutathione S‐transferase; ND, not determined; PCNA‐LI, proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling indices; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; UGT, UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase.