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Regulation of TNF‐α‐ASK1 and integrin‐ILK1 signal pathways by PP2Cɛ, PP5 and PP2Cδ/ILKAP. ASK1, apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1; GSK‐3β, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β; ILK, integrin‐linked kinase; JNK, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase; MKK, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase; PP2C, protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2C; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor‐α.
