Table 2.

Detection of breast cancer according to midkine and conventional tumor markers for breast cancer

	No. of patients	Midkine	CA15‐3	CEA	NCCST‐439
DCIS	11	1 (9.1%)	0 (0%)	1 (9.1%)	1 (9.1%)
Primary	111	36 (32.4%)	2 (5.3%)*	20 (18.0%)**	5 (4.5%)*
Metastatic	25	16 (64.0%)	16 (64.0%)	16 (64.0%)	9 (36%)***
All	147	53 (36.1%)	18 (12.2%)*	37 (25.2%)****	15 (10.7%)*

P‐values when the positivity of midkine was significantly higher than conventional tumor marker are *P < 0.0001, **P = 0.0077, ***P = 0.0082, and ****P = 0.0094 (McNeman test). DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ.