Table 1.
Disrupted molecule | CML stem cells | Inhibitor | Possible combined therapy | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pml | Defective ability of CML stem cells to develop CML at third transplantation | Arsenic trioxide | Arsenic trioxide and Ara‐C improve survival of CML‐affected mice | 12 |
β‐Catenin | Defective ability of CML stem cells to develop CML at second transplantation | – | – | 11 |
Alox5 | Defective ability of CML stem cells to develop CML at second transplantation | Zileuton | Zileuton and imatinib improve survival of CML‐affected mice | 45 |
Smo | Impairment of development of CML and depletion of CML stem cells | Cyclopamin | Cyclopamin and nilotinib prolong survival of CML‐affected mice | 13, 21 |
Foxo3a | Defective ability of CML stem cells to develop CML at third transplantation | TGF‐β inhibitor | TGF‐β inhibitor and imatinib improve survival of CML‐affected mice, and suppress infiltration of CML cells in lung | 14 |
Arsenic trioxide can reduce PML expression. Zileuton is an inhibitor of 5‐lipoxygenase. Cyclopamin stabilizes Smo in an inactive form. TGF‐β inhibitor suppresses TGF‐β–Foxo signaling. Alox5, arachidonate 5‐lipoxygenase; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; Foxo3a, forkhead box class O 3a; PML, promyelocytic leukemia; TGF‐β, transforming growth factor‐β.