Figure 1.

Effects of bufalin and cinobufagin on the change in doubling time (tD) in LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 cells, and human mesangial cells (HMC). Cells were treated with bufalin and cinobufagin at a concentration of 0.1 µmol/L following an incubation period of 1–4 days. The tD was calculated from the regression equation of the proliferation index. The applied equation was y = log(OD_t/OD₀) = (log2/tD)t, where OD_t and OD₀ represented the optical density at day t or day 0, respectively. The tD was calculated using tD = Log2/S (days), where S was the slope of the regression line. Each value represents mean ± SEM.