Table 1.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐associated markers in clinical samples predict patient prognosis
| EMT‐associated gene | Characteristics | Cancer types | Reference (author) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epithelial marker | |||
| E‐cadherin | Type I cell–cell adhesion glycoprotein | Breast cancer | Gould Rothberg and Bracken(25) |
| Gastric cancer | Chan et al. (24) | ||
| Colorectal cancer | Doridi et al. ( 84 ) | ||
| Claudin‐1 | Tight junctions restrict lateral diffusion of lipids and membrane proteins | Lung cancer | Chao et al. ( 85 ) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | Fritzsche et al. ( 86 ) | ||
| Ovarian carcinoma | Kleinberg et al. ( 87 ) | ||
| Mesenchymal marker | |||
| Vimentin | Intermediate filaments represent a third class of cytoskeletal elements | Breast cancer | Thomas et al. ( 88 ) |
| Lung cancer | AI‐Saad et al. ( 89 ) | ||
| Gastric cancer | Utsunomiya et al. ( 90 ) | ||
| N‐cadherin | Type I cell–cell adhesion glycoprotein | Esophageal cancer | Yoshinaga et al. ( 91 ) |
| Lung cancer | Nakashima et al. ( 92 ) | ||
| Urothelial tumor | Lascombe et al. ( 93 ) | ||
| Fibronectin | High‐molecular weight extracellular matrix glycoprotein | Bladder tumor | Mutlu et al. ( 94 ) |
| Colorectal cancer | Inufusa et al. ( 95 ) | ||
| Ovarian carcinoma | Franke et al. ( 96 ) | ||
| Transcription factor | |||
| Snail | Zinc finger transcriptional repressor | Adenocortical carcinoma | Waldmann et al. ( 97 ) |
| Esophageal cancer | Natsugoe et al. ( 98 ) | ||
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Miyoshi et al. ( 99 ) | ||
| Slug | Zinc finger transcriptional repressor | Lung cancer | Shih et al. ( 100 ) |
| Colorectal cancer | Shioiri et al. ( 101 ) | ||
| Esophageal cancer | Uchikado et al. ( 102 ) | ||
| Twist | Basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factors | Cervical cancer | Shibata et al. ( 103 ) |
| Ovarian carcinoma | Hosono et al. ( 104 ) | ||
| Breast cancer | Martin et al. ( 105 ) | ||