Table 5.

hPER3 gene expression levels and methylated CpG frequencies at the promoter area in healthy individuals and CML patients. hPER3 gene expression was determined by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. The amount of hPER3 was normalized to the endogenous reference GAPDH to obtain the ΔC_T value for each sample. The normalized hPER3 expression (ΔC_T) of CML cases was first related to the ΔC_T of healthy individuals to obtain the relative threshold cycle (ΔΔC_T) and then the relative expression levels (2^−ΔΔCT) were calculated. In methylation study, all the normal cases are positive for the unmethylation‐specific PCR and all the CML cases are positive for methylation‐specific PCR. The number of CpG and T/Cp G were calculated from direct sequencing results of PER3‐M or PER3‐U PCR products of bisulfite‐modified DNA

	n	Real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR			Methylation study
		ΔCT(PER3‐GAPDH)	ΔΔCT(CML‐Normal)	Relative Expression	Methylation rate	No. of CpG	No. of T/Cp G
Healthy individuals	53	7.16 ± 0.27*		1	0/53 (0%)	0	0
CML
Blastic crisis	19	19.60 ± 1.26 †	12.44	1/5544.7	19/19 (100%)	8.24 ± 0.73 ‡	10.47 ± 0.67 ‡
Chronic phase	16	12.34 ± 087 †	5.18	1/36.20	16/16 (100%)	4.48 ± 0.48	14.67 ± 0.46

^*: Results are the mean ± SE.

^†: P < 0.001 when compared with healthy individuals.

^‡: P < 0.001 when compared with chronic phase.