Figure 4: Type V CRISPR-associated nucleases, including virally encoded effectors from this study and reference nucleases.

Putative nucleases from this study are coloured, where those in known groups or singletons are in red, and those in clades of further interest are denoted by a colour and a letter: A+blue, B+green, C+orange, and D+purple. Reference nucleases are in black. Names assigned to clades are those of (putative) effector nucleases, regardless of whether they have been experimentally characterized. In cases where the Type V subtype of a predicted nuclease has been classified, but the predicted nuclease has not been assigned an official Cas protein name, the predicted effector nucleases (e.g., c2c9; [51]), is denoted in the tree by its subtype classification (VU-2). Legacy names of nucleases that have been renamed during reclassifications are included for clarity, as are the subtypes of recently characterized nucleases, even if they have received an official Cas protein name as nuclease/subtype (e.g., Cas12m/V-U1). Singletons and landfill-exclusive clusters not associated with a specific named clade are unlabeled.