TABLE 2.
Surgical Techniques and Intraoperative Details for all RAMIG Procedures (n=759)
| Characteristics | All patients. n=759 (100%) | Total gastrectomy, n=272 (100%) | Distal gastrectomy, n=465 (100%) | Proximal gastrectomy, n=22 (100%) | Missing values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continent | 0 | ||||
| Europe | 650 (86) | 240 (88) | 402 (86) | 8 (36) | |
| Asia | 98 (13) | 26 (10) | 58 (13) | 14 (64) | |
| South-America | 11 (1) | 6 (2) | 5 (1) | 0 | |
| Robotic system | 0 | ||||
| Da Vinci Xi | 661 (87) | 236 (87) | 403 (87) | 22 (100) | |
| Da Vinci Si | 77 (10) | 20 (7) | 57 (12) | 0 | |
| Da Vinci X | 21 (3) | 16 (6) | 5 (1) | 0 | |
| Using a fourth robotic arm | 65 (9) | ||||
| Yes | 685 (99) | 254 (99) | 410 (99) | 21 (96) | |
| No | 9 (1) | 3 (1) | 5 (1) | 1 (4) | |
| Type of reconstruction | 5 (1) | ||||
| Roux-en-Y | 581 (77) | 268 (100) | 312 (67) | 1 (5) | |
| Bilroth-II | 145 (19) | 0 | 144 (31) | 1 (5) | |
| Other | 28 (4) | 0 | 8 (2) | 20 (91) | |
| Anastomotic technique | 6 (1) | ||||
| Linear stapled | 547 (73) | 100 (37) | 436 (94) | 16 (73) | |
| Circular stapled | 63 (8) | 58 (22) | 0 | 0 | |
| Hand-sewn | 143 (19) | 111 (41) | 26 (6) | 6 (27) | |
| Anastomotic type | 6 (1) | ||||
| End-to-side | 306 (41) | 168 (62) | 129 (28) | 9 (41) | |
| Side-to-side | 436 (58) | 101 (38) | 323 (70) | 12 (55) | |
| End-to-end | 11 (1) | 0 | 10 (2) | 1 (5) | |
| Anastomotic localization | 55 (7) | ||||
| Antecolic | 553 (79) | 169 (65) | 380 (88) | 4 (33) | |
| Retrocolic | 151 (21) | 92 (35) | 51 (12) | 8 (67) | |
| Anastomotic surgical approach | 20 (3) | ||||
| Robot-assisted | 619 (84) | 213 (80) | 387 (86) | 19 (86) | |
| Nonrobot-assisted | 120 (16) | 52 (20) | 65 (14) | 3 (14) | |
| Extent of lymphadenectomy | 3 (0.4) | ||||
| D1 | 10 (1) | 2 (1) | 8 (2) | 0 | |
| D1+ | 214 (28) | 52 (19) | 147 (32) | 15 (68) | |
| D2 | 443 (59) | 175 (64) | 263 (57) | 5 (23) | |
| D2+ | 89 (12) | 43 (16) | 44 (10) | 2 (9) | |
| Intraoperative frozen section | 0 | ||||
| Yes | 198 (26) | 91 (34) | 97 (21) | 12 (55) | |
| No | 561 (74) | 181 (66) | 368 (79) | 10 (45) | |
| Omentectomy | 42 (6) | ||||
| Total | 321 (45) | 160 (60) | 158 (37) | 3 (14) | |
| Partial | 200 (28) | 55 (21) | 143 (33) | 2 (9) | |
| No omentectomy | 196 (27) | 51 (19) | 128 (30) | 17 (77) | |
| Jejunal pouch reconstruction | 8 (1) | ||||
| Yes | 5 (1) | 5 (2) | 0 | 0 | |
| No | 746 (99) | 261 (98) | 463 (100) | 22 (100) | |
| Jejunal feeding tube | 6 (1) | ||||
| Yes | 23 (3) | 18 (7) | 4 (1) | 1 (5) | |
| No | 730 (97) | 254 (93) | 459 (99) | 21 (95) | |
| Routine drain placement | 1 (0.1) | ||||
| No | 104 (14) | 55 (20) | 48 (10) | 1 (5) | |
| Yes, 1 drain | 494 (65) | 169 (62) | 314 (68) | 11 (50) | |
| Yes, 2 or more drains | 160 (21) | 48 (18) | 102 (22) | 10 (45) |
Definition of the D-levels for lymphadenectomy were based on the 5th edition of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA), and consisted for D1 of stations 1 to 7, for D1+ stations 8, 9 and 11p were added to D1, for D2 stations 11d and 12a were added to D1+, and D2+ consisted of lymphadenectomy beyond D2 (stations 10 or 13–16).
Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.